Varicocele Embolization

Background and indications

Varicocele is a dilation of the spermatic cord veins (comparable to varicose veins), present in approximately 15% of men. It can cause testicular pain, discomfort and impaired fertility. Embolization is offered for symptomatic varicocele or associated infertility.

Benefits

Minimally invasive outpatient procedure, no scrotal incision, very fast recovery (1-2 days), success rate comparable to surgery (85-95%).

Procedure

Under local anesthesia, a catheter is introduced via the jugular or femoral vein and guided to the spermatic vein. Coils and/or a sclerosing agent are used to close the dilated vein. The procedure lasts approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour.

Risks

Recurrence (5-10%), puncture site pain, phlebitis, contrast reaction. Coil migration (exceptional).

Recovery and follow-up

Same-day discharge. Normal activities resume in 24-48 hours. Follow-up ultrasound at 3 months. For infertility, sperm analysis at 3-6 months.

Practical information

Local anesthesia. Outpatient procedure (return home the same day).